The way in which Media Exposure is measured (e.g., exposure, recall or recognition)
The way in which the answers of the respondents were administrated, for example self-report, other-report or registration.
The medium or media towards which exposure was measured. This can be more than one medium.
The research area in which the measurement has taken place. For instance, political, entertainment, advertising, health, sex or general. A research can belong to more than one research area.
Measures political media use. Respondents indicated their frequency of use of different media separately. The scales were inverted and rescaled to range between 0 (never) to 1 (daily) to enable an assessment of maximum effects.
Survey participants were asked how often they used each of the following platforms: Facebook, YouTube, Twitter, and Google Plus. The frequency of use of each social media platform was combined into an additive scale of general social media use, reversed so that higher values reflected higher frequency of use.
Measures where participants would look for information from or by if they were in the disaster situation. A total of 13 disaster information-seeking behavior items, adapted from Austin, Liu, and Jin’s (2012) study, are presented for participants.
Measures both the frequency and content of adolescents' media exposure regardless of media channel. The scale includes 17 items that assess exposure to antisocial (8 items) and neutral (9 items) media content.
Measures consumers’ willingness to expose themselves to advertising in both traditional and new advertising formats. The first two items focus on the expected value of future advertising and the third on volitional intent.
Measures consumers’ cumulative perceptions of the global value of a brand’s past advertising.
Measures general media exposure: TV (hrs/week), radio (hrs/week), internet (hrs/week), newspaper (days/week), national TV news (days/week), and local TV news (days/week)
The Content-based Media Exposure (C-ME) Scale includes 12 items that measure the extent to which one exposes him-/herself to antisocial or risk behavior media content, and 10 items that measure exposure to pro-social media content. The C-ME measures both the frequency and the content of adolescents’ and young adults’ media exposure, regardless of how the media is consumed (e.g., via TV, Internet, DVD, games).
Measures individuals’ actual consumption of political media by testing three different measures of media exposure and compare them to the actual exposure.
Measures sexual media exposure in adolescence with 5 seperate questions. Youth were placed into 1 of 3 categories: (1) Almost none / No exposure to sexual material in any medium. (2) Some exposure to sexual material in at least 1 medium. (3) Many or almost all / all exposure to sexual material in at least 1 medium.
Measures attention to media information on nutrition topics
Measures attention to health topics on TV, on the radio, in newspapers, in magazines, and on the internet
Measures the frequency consumers use media in the multi-media environment.
Measures the use of the internet in the last six months.
Measures monthly health media exposure by summing five items
Measures general media use by averaging television, newspaper and internet use in the past seven days.
Measures health media exposure in the past year: internet
Measures respondents their news exposure (days per week / minutes per day) for each of the four channels: newspaper, television, internet and radio
Measures media exposure to four different news sources: television news on broadcast networks, television news on cable networks, print newspaper and online news. If respondents indicated that they had used a media source in the last week, then this measurement measures news media use attention to the news source.
