The way in which Media Exposure is measured (e.g., exposure, recall or recognition)
The way in which the answers of the respondents were administrated, for example self-report, other-report or registration.
The medium or media towards which exposure was measured. This can be more than one medium.
The research area in which the measurement has taken place. For instance, political, entertainment, advertising, health, sex or general. A research can belong to more than one research area.
Measures political media use. Respondents indicated their frequency of use of different media separately. The scales were inverted and rescaled to range between 0 (never) to 1 (daily) to enable an assessment of maximum effects.
Measures where participants would look for information from or by if they were in the disaster situation. A total of 13 disaster information-seeking behavior items, adapted from Austin, Liu, and Jin’s (2012) study, are presented for participants.
Measures mothers’ television viewing time. Television viewing time in hours per timeline was calculated by adding all of the marked checkboxes and dividing this sum by 4. Weekly television viewing time was calculated by multiplying the weekday viewing hours (Timeline 1) by 4 and adding the result to the number of hours reported for Wednesday (Timeline 2) and Saturday and Sunday (Timeline 3).
Measures children’s television viewing time according to the procedure outlined by Van den Bulck and colleagues (e.g., Van den Bulck, 2006; Van den Bulck & Hofman, 2009)
Measures both the frequency and content of adolescents' media exposure regardless of media channel. The scale includes 17 items that assess exposure to antisocial (8 items) and neutral (9 items) media content.
Measures consumers’ willingness to expose themselves to advertising in both traditional and new advertising formats. The first two items focus on the expected value of future advertising and the third on volitional intent.
Measures consumers’ cumulative perceptions of the global value of a brand’s past advertising.
Measures reliance for information on a given medium
Measures general media exposure: TV (hrs/week), radio (hrs/week), internet (hrs/week), newspaper (days/week), national TV news (days/week), and local TV news (days/week)
This exposure measure consist of a simple three-step measurement: Audio, page and stream.
The Content-based Media Exposure (C-ME) Scale includes 12 items that measure the extent to which one exposes him-/herself to antisocial or risk behavior media content, and 10 items that measure exposure to pro-social media content. The C-ME measures both the frequency and the content of adolescents’ and young adults’ media exposure, regardless of how the media is consumed (e.g., via TV, Internet, DVD, games).
Measures sexual media exposure in adolescence with 5 seperate questions. Youth were placed into 1 of 3 categories: (1) Almost none / No exposure to sexual material in any medium. (2) Some exposure to sexual material in at least 1 medium. (3) Many or almost all / all exposure to sexual material in at least 1 medium.
Measures the amount of attention respondents paid to political news by two follow-up questions (first, respondents were asked either typical week or past week questions assessing exposure to television news and newspapers)
Measures attention to media information on nutrition topics
Measures attention to health topics on TV, on the radio, in newspapers, in magazines, and on the internet
Measures the frequency consumers use media in the multi-media environment.
Measures exposure to television: weekends and weekdays, number of hours a day
Measures general media use in the past week
Measures focused media use: frequency of media use about politics
Measures media use. Respondents were asked either typical week or past week questions assessing exposure to television news and newspapers.
Measures monthly health media exposure by summing five items
Measures general media use by averaging television, newspaper and internet use in the past seven days.
Measures respondents their news exposure (days per week / minutes per day) for each of the four channels: newspaper, television, internet and radio
Panelists were offered a web-enabled smart phone. The IMMI phones detect ambient room noise for each panelist on every day. The sounds were encoded, not recorded. By automatically comparing the uploaded audio fingerprints captured by the phones with audio fingerprints stored on the IMMI servers, IMMI identifies all of the media to which each respondent is exposed to.
Measures media exposure to four different news sources: television news on broadcast networks, television news on cable networks, print newspaper and online news. If respondents indicated that they had used a media source in the last week, then this measurement measures news media use attention to the news source.
